Threat Actor Profile
Play
Play (also referred to as PlayCrypt) is a financially driven ransomware group first identified in June 2022. Specializing in double-extortion techniques—encrypting files and threatening to publicly leak stolen data—Play has rapidly grown into one of the most active ransomware groups globally. With a primary focus on large enterprises and critical infrastructure, Play has impacted hundreds of organizations worldwide.
Threat Actor Profile
Play
Country of Origin
The exact country of origin for Play is unknown. However, their tactics and scope suggest a high level of organization, potentially linked to regions with active cybercriminal networks. Some activity hints at global coordination, spanning Latin America, North America, and Europe.
Members
Little information about the exact number or identities of Play's members is currently known. The group's operational scale points to a well-resourced and technically adept team, likely consisting of skilled threat actors with access to advanced tooling.
Leadership
The leadership behind the Play ransomware group remains unidentified. Public reporting and vendor analyses have not revealed specific individuals or aliases linked to the group, suggesting a deliberate effort to keep organizational structures obscured.
Play TTPs
Tactics
Play is primarily focused on financial extortion, leveraging ransomware attacks to encrypt data while exfiltrating sensitive information. Their double-extortion strategy aims to coerce victims into paying hefty ransoms, often targeting organizations where data breaches would have significant reputational, operational, or financial consequences.
Techniques
Play achieves its goals using various techniques, including exploitation of vulnerabilities in remote-access tools, phishing campaigns, and credential compromise. They heavily rely on lateral movement, leveraging tools like PsExec and WMI, and employing living-off-the-land binaries (LOLBins) for stealth.
Procedures
Play frequently exploits known vulnerabilities in public-facing services such as SimpleHelp and other remote-access tools. They utilize Cobalt Strike for post-exploitation activities and intermittent encryption to evade detection. Encrypted files are appended with the .PLAY extension, and victims receive a note titled "PLAY_README.txt" demanding ransom payments.
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Notable Cyberattacks
Since its emergence in 2022, Play has been linked to a growing number of significant ransomware attacks. By 2025, reports indicated nearly 900 victim organizations, highlighting Play’s operational scale. Notable incidents include breaches targeting critical infrastructure and major enterprises across multiple industries, often resulting in sensitive data exposure.
Law Enforcement & Arrests
To date, there have been no confirmed arrests or significant law enforcement actions directly linked to Play. However, global agencies such as the FBI, CISA, and ASD continue to monitor and issue advisories on Play’s evolving tactics and indicators of compromise.
How to Defend Against Play
Patch Management: Regularly update and secure remote-access tools, including SimpleHelp and VPN appliances.
Enable MFA: Enforce multi-factor authentication, particularly for administrative and remote access.
Network Segmentation: Isolate critical systems from user-accessible networks to limit lateral movement.
Endpoint Detection: Leverage EDR tools to monitor for behavior linked to Play's TTPs, such as Huntress Managed Endpoint Detection & Response.
Data Backup Strategy: Maintain immutable, offline backups and regularly test restoration processes to minimize impact.
Employee Training: Educate and empower staff with robust security awareness training that trains on phishing prevention and cyber hygiene to reduce credential-based attacks.
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